PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) technology is one of the most important developments in silicon -based solar cells , significantly increasing their energy efficiency. This technology adds a special back layer to the traditional solar cell structure, which optimizes light absorption and reduces energy loss.
Operating principle
PERC technology includes three main improvements over traditional solar cells:
Back passivation layer: A thin dielectric (insulating) layer is applied to the back of the solar cell, which:
- Reduces energy loss: Minimizes recombination processes (electron loss) between silicon and aluminum.
- Increases light reflection: Reflects the light that passes through the cell and is not utilized back into the silicon layer, allowing it to be reused in energy production.
Light trapping: The textured surface on the back of PERC solar cells better "traps" longer wavelength light (e.g. infrared rays) that escape from traditional solar cells. This is especially important for parts of the sunlight spectrum that are difficult to fully utilize.
Lower recombination loss: Recombination (energy loss of electrons and holes) is reduced at the contact points between the electrodes and the silicon surface, thereby increasing the efficiency of power generation.
Technological advantages
Higher efficiency: PERC solar panels can achieve an absolute efficiency increase of up to 1-2%, which in relative terms can mean a 6-12% increase in power output. This is especially beneficial in locations where solar panel installation space is limited.
Better performance in low light conditions: At dawn, dusk, and on cloudy days, PERC solar cells perform better because they are more efficient at absorbing low-intensity, longer wavelength light.
Reduced heat loss: PERC cells are less prone to performance loss due to high temperatures, which is especially important in hot climates.
Higher returns in the long term: The investment can be returned faster through increased annual energy production.
Disadvantages and challenges
Step Degradation (LID and PID): PERC solar cells can be prone to light-induced degradation (LID) and potential-induced degradation (PID), although modern manufacturing processes have significantly reduced these problems.
Higher manufacturing cost: PERC cells are more expensive to manufacture compared to traditional solar cells, but the increase in performance offsets this in the long run.
Who is PERC technology recommended for?
For households and businesses looking for a more efficient system than traditional solar panels. For locations with limited installation space. In areas where low light conditions or temperature extremes are common.