The performance of solar systems is highly dependent on access to sunlight. Shading, whether partial or complete, can have a significant impact on the efficiency of solar panels and the amount of energy produced.
The effect of shading on solar panels
Performance reduction: In the event of shading, the power output of the affected solar cells can be significantly reduced and the efficiency of the system can be reduced by up to 30-40%.
Partial shading: Partial shading – for example, due to the shadow of a tree branch or a chimney – can affect the entire solar panel, as the cells are connected in series.
Hot Spot phenomenon: Shaded cells can act as resistors, generating heat. This can damage solar panels in the long term if there is no proper protection, such as bypass diodes.
Dealing with shading problems
Optimized placement: Before installing solar panels, it is important to examine the shadow conditions of the roof or installation location, especially taking into account the winter and summer sun positions.
Modifying orientation and tilt angle: The orientation (southern direction is the most optimal in Hungary) and tilt angle of solar panels can maximize sunlight absorption and minimize the effect of shading.
Alternative installation solutions:
- Ground-mounted systems: If the roof is shaded, it may be worth placing the solar panels on a ground-mounted system, where the optimal position can be more easily ensured.
- Utilizing sunny areas: It is worth choosing locations that provide the most sunlight possible, such as the south side of a roof or an open area.
Shading-resistant technologies:
- Bypass diodes: These redirect the circuits around the shielded cells, minimizing power loss.
- Optimizers and microinverters: These devices allow each solar panel to operate independently, reducing the impact of shading on the entire system.
Summary
Minimizing shading is one of the most important steps in the design and operation of solar PV systems. Optimized placement, the use of anti-shading technologies, and careful pre-planning ensure that the system achieves maximum performance.