A heat exchanger is a device that transfers heat between two or more fluids (liquids or gases) without mixing them. This energy transfer plays a key role in industrial processes, building services, and many other applications, as it increases energy efficiency and reduces energy consumption.
How does the heat exchanger work?
Heat transfer process: One medium (such as a hot liquid or gas) transfers heat through the wall of the heat exchanger, which is absorbed by the other medium.
The device ensures that the two media remain physically separated while efficiently transferring heat.
Media types:
- Liquid–liquid: For example, in boilers, where water transfers heat to another liquid.
- Liquid–air: For example, in the case of heat sinks or radiators.
- Air-to-air: Found in ventilation systems.
Types of heat exchangers
Shell-and-Tube heat exchanger: The fluids flow in tubes placed in a large cylinder.
Advantages: High heat transfer capacity, ideal for industrial applications.
Disadvantages: Large space requirement.
Plate heat exchanger: The media flows through thin, flat plates.
Advantages: Compact design, easy to clean.
Disadvantages: Smaller capacity for industrial use.
Air duct heat exchanger: Transfers heat between two air streams.
Advantages: Efficient in ventilation systems.
Liquid–gas heat exchanger: For example, in the cooling system of cars, the engine's heat is transferred to the air using the coolant.
Material selection
The choice of material for heat exchangers determines their efficiency, durability and corrosion resistance.
Copper: Excellent thermal conductor, common in small systems.
Aluminum: Lightweight, good thermal conductor, common in the automotive industry.
Stainless steel: Durable, corrosion-resistant, widely used in industry and the food industry.
Titanium: Resistant to salty or aggressive chemical media, ideal for marine applications.
Summary
Heat exchangers are essential in energy-efficient systems, whether for industrial or domestic applications. Choosing the right type, size and material of heat exchanger not only increases efficiency, but also reduces energy consumption and operating costs. Regular maintenance and cleaning ensure long-term, trouble-free operation.