Domestic hot water (DHW) is an essential element of everyday household comfort, providing hot water for bathing, washing dishes and laundry. Modern systems, such as heat pump solutions, are particularly efficient and energy-saving in producing hot water.
How does DHW production with a heat pump work?
Hot water storage tank: Heat pump systems usually use a storage tank in which water can be stored heated, ready for use.
Role of a heat pump: A heat pump uses ambient heat energy to heat water, which is significantly more efficient than traditional electric or gas-powered boilers.
Temperature control: The temperature in the system is precisely controlled to be optimal (usually 50-60°C), thus avoiding scale build-up and excessive energy consumption.
Types of DHW production
Storage system: The water is preheated and stored in a tank.
Instantaneous system: The water is heated directly at the time of use (e.g. combi boilers ).
Hybrid system: A combination of storage and flow-through systems.
Sizing of DHW systems
Choosing the right size tank is critical for a comfortable and economical hot water supply.
Taking into account user needs:
- A small household (2-3 people): 80–120 liter tank.
- Medium household (4-5 people): 150–200 liter tank.
- Larger household (6+ people): 250–300 liter tank or larger.
Taking peak periods into account: It is important that the system is able to serve the household's water needs during peak periods (e.g. morning showers).
Energy efficiency of DHW systems
Heat pump advantages: Heat pump systems can be up to 3-4 times more efficient than traditional electric boilers, thanks to the use of ambient heat energy.
Minimizing heat loss:
- Tank insulation: Well-insulated tanks reduce heat loss , so less energy is needed to keep the water constantly warm.
- Pipeline insulation: Reducing heat loss from water pipes also improves system efficiency.
Maintenance considerations
Using a water softener: Hard water can cause scale buildup that can damage your system and reduce its efficiency. Using a water softener may be essential.
Temperature control: The temperature of the tank should be checked from time to time to ensure that it is not too low (to avoid the development of legionella bacteria) or too high (to minimize energy loss).
Regular maintenance: Regular inspection and cleaning of filters, valves and other components ensures long-term efficient operation.
Summary
Domestic hot water (DHW) systems play a central role in household comfort. Heat pump systems offer an energy-efficient alternative to traditional solutions, especially with well-insulated tanks and appropriate sizing. Regular maintenance, anti-limescale protection and temperature control are key to long-term economy and efficiency.