An electric boiler is a heating system that converts electrical energy into heat and then transfers it to a heating system, such as radiators or underfloor heating. The technology is particularly popular in places where natural gas infrastructure is not available or where clean, environmentally friendly solutions are a primary consideration.
The principle of operation of an electric boiler
Heat generation with electricity: The internal heating elements (resistances) of the electric boiler absorb electrical energy and then convert it into heat.
Heat transfer to the heating medium: The boiler transfers the heat produced to the heating medium (usually water), which circulates in the pipes of the heating system.
Heat distribution: The water heated by the boiler releases its heat to the room through the system's radiators or underfloor heating.
Automatic control: Electric boilers usually operate with a thermostat and digital control, so the desired temperature can be set precisely.
Advantages
Environmentally friendly: Electric boilers do not emit combustion products, so there are no CO₂ or other harmful emissions.
Easy installation: No chimney, ventilation system or complicated piping required. Installation is quick and inexpensive, especially if you have an existing electrical network.
High efficiency: The efficiency of electric boilers can reach 100%, as electrical energy is completely converted into heat.
Maintenance-free: There are no moving parts or complex mechanical systems, so there is less chance of failure.
Space-saving: Its compact design makes it ideal for smaller apartments or rooms.
Safety: No risk of explosion or carbon monoxide poisoning.
Disadvantages
High operating costs: The price of electricity is typically higher than that of natural gas, which can increase operating costs in the long run.
Risk of power outage: In the event of a power outage, the boiler will stop operating, which can be a problem during cold weather.
Power limit: When heating larger buildings or multiple rooms, the power of the electric boiler may not be sufficient.
Electrical network requirements: In the case of higher-capacity boilers, it may be necessary to upgrade the existing electrical network.
Electric boiler vs. other boilers
| Characteristic | Electric boiler | Gas boiler |
|---|---|---|
| Environmentally friendly | No emissions | It emits CO₂ and other combustion products |
| Installation requirements | No chimney or gas network required | Requires a chimney and gas network |
| Operating costs | Higher operating costs | Lower operating costs |
| Security | No burning, safe | Risk of burns and possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning |
| Efficiency | 100% | 90–98% (for condensing boilers) |
Summary
An electric boiler is an easy-to-install, clean and safe heating solution, ideal for smaller or well-insulated buildings. Although it can be more expensive to run and can be problematic in the event of a power outage, its eco-friendly operation and compact design make it an excellent choice where traditional boilers cannot be installed or where sustainability is a priority. Correct sizing and energy-efficient use are key to optimal operation.