Parallel connection is a method used to connect solar panels or other photovoltaic modules to increase the total current of the system without changing the voltage . This configuration can be useful when the power demand requires higher current, but the system voltage must be kept at a specific level.
How does parallel connection work?
- The positive terminals of the solar panels are connected to each other, and their negative terminals are also connected.
- As a result, the system current (measured in amps) increases, while the voltage (measured in volts) remains at the nominal voltage of each solar cell.
Example of parallel connection
Let's assume that there are two solar panels available, each of which:
- Voltage (V): 24 V
- Current (A): 5 A
If we connect them in parallel:
- System voltage (V): 24 V
- System current (A): 5 A + 5 A = 10 A
This allows the system to deliver more power while maintaining the same voltage.
Advantages
Flexibility in meeting power demands: Allows you to achieve higher amperage without increasing the voltage, which must remain at a specific level for certain inverters or devices.
Modular expandability: New solar panels can be easily added to the system if power generation needs to be increased.
Voltage stability: The system voltage remains at the rated level of each module.
Disadvantages
Losses due to higher current: Higher current can cause higher line resistance losses, therefore it is necessary to use cables with an appropriate cross-section.
Impact of individual modules on performance: If a module is shaded or faulty, it can reduce the efficiency of the entire system unless bypass diodes are used.
More complex wiring: More cables are required for parallel connection, which can increase installation costs.
Application
Parallel connection can be particularly useful in situations where:
- The input voltage of the inverter is limited.
- The aim of the installation is to operate the solar panels at a lower voltage level but at a higher current.
- The system needs to be expandable in the future.
Parallel connection can be an effective solution, but proper system design and cabling optimization are key to minimizing losses and maximizing performance.