AC, or alternating current, is the type of electrical current used in most homes and businesses. It gets its name from the fact that its direction and intensity constantly change, following a sinusoidal waveform.
Why do we use alternating current?
Direction and Waveform: Alternating current (AC) flows in a sinusoidal pattern, meaning that the voltage and current alternate periodically between positive and negative directions. The standard AC frequency used in Europe is 50 Hz, meaning that the direction of the current changes 50 times per second.
Efficiency in long-distance power transmission: One of the greatest advantages of alternating current is that it can be easily transmitted over long distances with minimal energy loss. This property allows the use of high-voltage lines, which are converted to safe voltage levels for consumers using transformers.
Easy control: The voltage and current of the alternating current can be easily increased or decreased using transformers, making the system flexible and economical.
How does AC connect to solar power systems?
Solar panels and alternating current: Solar panels produce direct current (DC) , which must be converted to alternating current (AC) during everyday use. This conversion is performed by an inverter .
The inverter performs two important tasks:
- It converts direct current into alternating current so that it can be used by electrical appliances.
- The alternating current produced in this way is brought into line with the voltage and frequency of the electrical grid, so that it can be fed back into the grid.
Advantages of alternating current:
- Efficiency: In long-distance power transmission, AC minimizes energy loss, unlike direct current (DC).
- Universality: Most electrical appliances and networks operate on alternating current.
- Safety and simplicity : AC is easier to convert to different voltage levels, making it easier to transport and use safely.
Disadvantages compared to direct current:
Alternating current is not suitable for direct powering sensitive electronic devices in certain situations, as they often require stable direct current. In these cases, a converter (e.g. a power supply) must be used.
Summary
Alternating current is the global standard for power transmission and everyday electrical use. Its flexibility, efficiency and ease of conversion make it an ideal choice for both domestic and industrial purposes. The connection between AC and DC systems, for example in solar power systems, allows modern technologies to work together in an efficient and environmentally friendly way.